Systems
Distributed and multi-organ processes are described here.
- Respiration - Control of respiration. Gas exchange.
- Circulation - Cardiac output. Blood pressures. Organ blood flows.
- Cardiac output
- Blood pressures
- Vascular conductance
- Vascular compliance
- Vascular compartments - Blood flows from one vascular compartment to another. Each compartment is characterized by inflow, outflow, a blood volume, compliance, pressure, unstressed volume and external pressure. Additional compartments are the right and left hearts.
- Left heart
- Right heart
- Coronary sinus - Mixes right and left heart effluenet blood.
- Pericardium - External cardiac pressure. Right-left heart interaction.
- Splanchnic circulation - Hepatic. Portal.
- Portal vein - Liver sees nutrients and some hormones first.
- Heart rate
- Autonomic nerves - Afferents. CNS integration. Efferents.
- Temperature control - CNS control. Shivering. Sweating. Control of respiration. Gas exchange.
- Orthostasis - Hemodynamics of posture changes.
- Pressures
- Interstitium
- Circulating protein
- Sequestered blood
- Energy
- Pharmacokinetics - Diuretics, digoxin, anesthetics.